#!/usr/local/bin/calc -d -f
#
# Ported Box Subwoofer Speaker Design, from
# http://www.diysubwoofers.org/, using Thiele-Small Parameters:
#
#    Fs = resonance frequency of the driver. In free-air, the driver's
#         impedance will peak at this frequency.
#
#    Pe = Thermal capacity of the driver, in Watts. If continuously
#         driven above its rated Pe, the driver may prematurely burn
#         out and fail.
#
#    Qes = Electrical Q of the driver at Fs. Qes is a measure of the
#          driver's tendency to resonate at Fs, based on its
#          electrical characteristics, e.g. magnet strength, magnetic
#          circuit characteristics, etc.). The driver's overall
#          resonance characteristics are usually dominated by Qes.
#
#    Qms = Mechanical Q of the driver at Fs. Qms is a measure of the
#          driver's tendency to resonate at Fs, based on its
#          mechanical characteristics, e.g. surround compliance, the
#          compliance of the spider, weight of the cone, etc.
#
#    Qts = Total Q of the driver at Fs. Qts is a measure of the
#          driver's tendency to resonate at Fs, based on its overall
#          characteristics. Qts can be calculated using the equation:
#
#               Qts= Qms*Qes/(Qms+Qes))
#
#    Re = DC resistance of the driver's voice coil. Re is less than
#         the driver's rated impedance (normally 4 or 8 ohms).
#
#    Sd = Effective surface area of the driver. Roughly equal to the
#         area of the cone plus 1/3rd of the surround.
#
#    Xmag = [DUMAX] Excursion limit due to the magnetic limitations of
#           the driver's motor. Xmag is defined as the displacement at
#           which the BL product has fallen to 70% of its value at the
#           cone's rest position.
#
#    Xmech = Maximum physical excursion capability of the
#            driver. Exceeding Xmech normally results in damage to the
#            driver.
#
#    Xsus = [DUMAX] Excursion limit due to the driver's
#            suspension. Xsus is defined as the point at which the
#            compliance of the suspension has decreased to 25% of the
#            value at the cone's rest position.
#
#    Xmax = Linear (one-way) travel of the cone. Xmax is used to
#           determine the maximum linear SPL capability of the driver,
#           and can be defined in a number of ways. The DUMAX
#           definition is objectively the best one, and it is defined
#           as the shorter of the Xmag and Xsus values, in each
#           direction of cone travel. This definition is more useful
#           than the older definition of Xmax, which was solely
#           dependent on the length of the voice-coil vs. the length
#           of the gap.
#
#    Vas = Equivalent air compliance. The volume of air that has the
#          same compliance ("springiness") as the driver's
#          suspension. Because less air is more "springy" than more
#          air, a large Vas represents a "loose" suspension
#
#    Vd = Peak displacement volume. Vd = Sd*Xmax
#
# Port Length:
#
# The port length required to tune a volume of air to a specific
# frequency can be calculated by using the following equation:
#
#   Lv = (23562.5 * Dv^2 * Np / (Fb^2 * Vb)) - (k * Dv)
#
# where,
#
#     Dv = port diameter (cm)
#     Fb = tuning frequency (Hz)
#     Vb = net volume (litres)
#     Lv = length of each port (cm)
#     Np = number of ports
#     k = end correction (normally 0.732)
#
# The value for k, the end correction, can be fine-tuned by using the
# following values to derive the appropriate end correction figure for
# each end of the port, then adding them together
#
#     Flanged End: 0.425
#     Free End: 0.307
#
# e.g. if both ends were flanged,
#          k = 0.425 + 0.425 = 0.850
#
#      if one flanged, one free,
#          k = 0.425 + 0.307 = 0.732
#
#      if both ends were free,
#          k = 0.307 + 0.307 = 0.614
#
#     Normally, k=0.732 is assumed
#
# In practice, it's best to use ports that are slightly longer than
# predicted by the above equations, then adjust their length until the
# correct tuning is achieved. It is much easier to shorten a port than
# to lengthen it.
#
# Minimum Port Diameter
#
# To calculate the minimum diameter of the port required to prevent
# port noises, you will also need to know the following:
#
#     Xmax = maximum linear displacement (mm)
#     Dia = Effective diameter of driver (cm)
#     Np = number of ports
#
# Calculate the minimum port diameter from the following equations:
#
#     Sd = pi * (Dia / 100)^2 / 4
#     Vd = Sd * Xmax / 1000
#     Dmin = 100 * (20.3 * pow ((Vd^2 / Fb), 0.25)) / sqrt (Np)
#
# where,
#
#     Dmin = minimum port diameter (cm)
#
# Note: It is possible to use ports that have a smaller diameter than
# that given by the equation above, especially if the ports are flared
# at both ends. However, at higher volumes, you may notice some port
# noise caused by the air rushing through the ports.
#
# The largest port diameter possible should be used to reduce
# noise/hiss. As a rule of thumb, the port diameter should be half of
# the driver.
#
# Note: about the driver's T/S parameters Low Q (<0.3) drivers are
# generally more suited to higher-order bandpass.  Drivers with Qts
# between 0.3 to 0.4 are usually best used in vented systems, and
# drivers with higher Qts are usually best suited for sealed
# systems. 4th order bandpass systems can usually work with drivers
# with any Qts between 0.3 to 0.6.
#
# Note: the Efficiency Bandwidth Product, (EBP,) is fs / qes; for
# sealed enclosures, EBP < 50; for sealed, or ported, or bandpass, 50
# < EBP < 100; and EBP > 100 ported, as an initial appoximation.
#
# Note: The following can be added to the print statements, but
# realistically, they provide impractical results-far too large to be
# implemented. Practical Dmin values will be a fraction of the
# minimum.
#
#     local k = 0.732;
#     local Sd = pi * (Dia / 100)^2 / 4;
#     local Vd = Sd * Xmax / 1000;
#     local Dmin = 100 * (20.3 * pow ((Vd^2 / Fb), 0.25));
#     local Lv = (23562.5 * Dmin^2 / (Fb^2 * Vb)) - (k * Dmin);
#
#     printf ("    Dmin = %f = minimum port diameter, cm\n", Dmin);
#     printf ("      Lv = %f = port length, cm\n", Lv);
#
# Speed of sound = 1130 feet / second. Let L = minimum longest room
# dimension, then for a half wavelength fundamental resonance of the
# room, F0:
#
#    F0 = 565 / L
#
# This is the frequency of the first room resonant node, (the first
# null in the room response.) Many consider it ideal if the box
# resonant frequency, Fb, is the same as this frequency.
#
# Additionally, the maximum frequency of a speaker is where the
# wavelength of the sound produced = effective diameter of the cone,
# and, for every 10 dB increase in sound-level intensity, the power
# requirement increases by a factor of 10. An increase of 3 dB
# increase in sound-level intensity requires doubling the power, (F3
# is the -3 dB frequency, or half power.) Also, the equations are
# valid regardless of whether English or Metric units are used-as long
# as the parametric units are consistent.
#
# For ported/vented designs, the speaker box should not be driven to
# full power below Fb, (the box, or port, frequency,) due to unloading
# of the the driver damping, and the resulting large excursions
# damaging the driver.
#
# Print all viable solutions, regardless of Fs, Qes, or, Qtc; 0 = no,
# 1 = yes:
#
ALL = 0;
#
# Note: from "Designing, Building, and Testing Your Own Speaker
# System..," David Weems, Kindle locations:
#
#     28%:
#
#         Qts < 0.38 is low, Qts >> 0.38 is high; low is for ported
#         designs.
#
#     47%: (referencing Keele at 75%):
#
#         local Vb = 15 * pow (Qts, 2.87) * Vas; (ft^3)
#         local Fb = 0.42 * pow (Qts, -0.9) * Fs; (Hz.)
#         local Fh = 0.26 * pow (Qts, -1.4) * Fs; (Hz.)
#         local dBpeak = 20 * ln10 (2.6 * Qts * pow (Vas / Vb, 0.35));
#
#     76%:
#
#         fn = F / Fs;
#         dBmag = 20 * ln10 (pow (fn, 4) / sqrt (pow (pow (fn, 4) - C * pow (fn, 2) + A, 2) + pow (B * fn - D * pow (fn, 3), 2)));
#
# Note: Thiele-Small equations from "Introduction to Loudspeaker
# Design: Second Edition," John L. Murphy, are virtually identical to
# the equations used here, (but the phase equation is not available on
# http://www.diysubwoofers.org/.)
#
define parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes)
{
    local phi = (1 + sqrt (5)) / 2;
    local Vb = 20 * pow (Qts, 3.3) * Vas;
    local Fb = pow (Vas / Vb, 0.31) * Fs;
    local F3 = pow (Vas / Vb, 0.44) * Fs;
    local dBpeak = 20 * ln10 (Qts * pow ((Vas / Vb), 0.3) / 0.4);
    local EBP = Fs / Qes;

    if ((ALL == 1) || (EBP > 50))
    {

        if ((ALL == 1) || ((Qts > 0.3) && (Qts < 0.4)))
        {
            printf ("    Vb = %f = net box volume, liters\n", Vb);
            printf ("       = %.3f X %.3f X %.3f = golden ratio inside box size, inches\n", pow (Vb * 61.0255296, 1 / 3) * phi, pow (Vb * 61.0255296, 1 / 3), pow (Vb * 61.0255296, 1 / 3) / phi);
            printf ("    Fb = %f = box resonant frequency, Hz.\n", Fb);
            printf ("    F3 = %f = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.\n", F3);
            printf ("       @ %f = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB\n", dBpeak);
            printf ("     L = %f = minimum longest room dimension, feet\n", 565 / F3);
            printf ("\n");
        }

        else
        {
            printf ("    N/A, (Qts = %.3f)\n\n", Qts);
        }

    }

    else
    {
        printf ("    N/A, (EBP = %.3f)\n\n", EBP);
    }

}
#
# To view with Gnuplot(1):
#
#    set logscale x
#    plot [1:200] "file_name" with lines
#
# The Y axis is dB. SPL.
#
# Ql = box losses (Ql = 7 can be assumed for most cases)
#
define frequency (Qts, Fs, Vas)
{
    local Vb = 20 * pow (Qts, 3.3) * Vas;
    local Fb = pow (Vas / Vb, 0.31) * Fs;
    local Ql = 7;
    local Fn;
    local Fn2;
    local Fn3;
    local Fn4;
    local A;
    local B;
    local C;
    local D;
    local F;
    local dBmag;
    local phase;

    for (F = 1; F < 1000; F++)
    {
       Fn = F / Fs;
       Fn2 = Fn^2;
       Fn3 = Fn^3;
       Fn4 = Fn2^2;
       A = (Fb / Fs)^2;
       B = A / Qts + Fb / (Fs * Ql);
       C = 1 + A + (Vas / Vb) + Fb / (Fs * Qts * Ql);
       D = 1 /Qts + Fb / (Fs * Ql);
       dBmag = 10 * ln10 (Fn4^2 / ((Fn4 - C * Fn2 + A)^2 + Fn2 *(D * Fn2 - B)^2));
       printf ("%d\t%f\n", F, dBmag);
    }

}
#
# Dia = Effective diameter of driver; used only for minimum port
#       diameter calculations, and the diameter of the speaker is used
#       here, which is conservative.
#
# Xmax = Linear (one-way) travel of the cone.
#
# Vas = equivalent air compliance (litres), volume of air that has the
#       same compliance ("springiness") as the driver's suspension,
#       28.31601808827235478838 litres / cubic foot.
#
# Qts = total Q of the driver at Fs, measure of the driver's tendency
#       to resonate at Fs.
#
# Fs = resonance frequency of the driver, (Hz), in free-air, the driver's
#      impedance will peak at this frequency.
#
# From http://www.partsexpress.com/:
#
printf ("Dayton DCS450-4 Classic 18\" Subwoofer 4 Ohm, $104.32:\n\n");
#
# 300 watts RMS/450 watts max
#
Qes = 0.51;
Xmax = 8.25;
Dia = 18 * 2.54;
Vas = 9.9 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.47;
Fs = 25;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton TIT400C-4 15\" Titanic Mk III Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $198.66:\n\n");
#
# 800 watts RMS/1,100 watts max
#
Qes = 0.52;
Xmax = 20.5;
Dia = 15.5625 * 2.54;
Vas = 5.46 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.49;
Fs = 24;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton IB385-8 15\" IB Subwoofer, 8 Ohm, $121.01:\n\n");
#
# 350 watts RMS/600 watts max
#
Qes = 0.63;
Xmax = 14.3;
Dia = 15.125 * 2.54;
Vas = 8.79 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.59;
Fs = 22;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS390HF-4 15\" Reference HF Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $159.80:\n\n");
#
# 500 watts RMS/800 watts max
#
Qes = 0.49;
Xmax = 14;
Dia = 15.3125 * 2.54;
Vas = 9.95 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.42;
Fs = 18;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS390HO-4 15\" Reference HO Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $159.80:\n\n");
#
# 800 watts RMS/1400 watts max
#
Qes = 0.42;
Xmax = 12;
Dia = 15.3125 * 2.54;
Vas = 3.87 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.39;
Fs = 24;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton DCS380-4 Classic 15\" Subwoofer 4 Ohm, $72.00:\n\n");
#
# 250 watts RMS/350 watts max
#
Qes = 0.59;
Xmax = 8.4;
Dia = 15 * 2.54;
Vas = 8.26 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.5;
Fs = 23;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton TIT320C-4 12\" Titanic Mk III Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $159.66:\n\n");
#
# 500 watts RMS/700 watts max
#
Qes = 0.49;
Xmax = 18.7;
Dia = 12.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 2.27 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.45;
Fs = 25;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS315HF-4 12\" Reference HF Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $119.00:\n\n");
#
# 400 watts RMS/700 watts
#
Qes = 0.58;
Xmax = 14.3;
Dia = 12.375 * 2.54;
Vas = 3.00 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.49;
Fs = 25;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS315HO-4 12\" Reference HO Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $119.00:\n\n");
#
# 700 watts RMS/1200 watts max
#
Qes = 0.45;
Xmax = 12.3;
Dia = 12.375 * 2/54;
Vas = 1.18 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.41;
Fs = 32;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Eminence Lab12 Generation II 12\" Subwoofer, 6 Ohm, $156.97:\n\n");
#
# 400 watts RMS/800 watts max
#
Qes = 0.39;
Xmax = 13;
Dia = 12.32 * 2.54;
Vas = 4.4 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.38;
Fs = 22;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Peerless 830500 XLS 12\" Subwoofer, 8 Ohm, $178.65:\n\n");
#
# 300 watts RMS/425 watts max
#
Qes = 0.21;
Xmax = 12.5;
Dia = 12 * 2.54;
Vas = 4.91 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.20;
Fs = 18.1;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton TIT280C-4 10\" Titanic Mk III Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $149.66:\n\n");
#
# 400 watts RMS/565 watts max
#
Qes = 0.47;
Xmax = 18.7;
Dia = 10 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.0 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.44;
Fs = 29.6;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS265HF-4 10\" Reference HF Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $115.00:\n\n");
#
# 350 watts RMS/600 watts max
#
Qes = 0.51;
Xmax = 12.3;
Dia = 10.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.59 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.44;
Fs = 26;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS265HO-4 10\" Reference HO Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $115.00:\n\n");
#
# 600 watts RMS/1000 watts max
#
Qes = 0.40;
Xmax = 12.3;
Dia = 10.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.80 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.37;
Fs = 30;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Goldwood GW-410D 10\" Poly DVC Subwoofer, Dual 6 Ohm, $19.50:\n\n");
#
# 110 watts RMS/220 watts max
#
Qes = 0.68;
Xmax = 3.0;
Dia = 10 * 2.54;
Vas = 2.0 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.61;
Fs = 40;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Peerless 830452 XLS 10\" Subwoofer, 8 Ohm, $168.55:\n\n");
#
# 300 watts RMS/425 watts max
#
Qes = 0.18;
Xmax = 12.5;
Dia = 10.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 3.16 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.17;
Fs = 18.9;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS210HF-4 8\" Reference HF Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $91.93:\n\n");
#
# 280 watts RMS/500 watts max
#
Qes = 0.60;
Xmax = 9;
Dia = 8.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.14 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.5;
Fs = 28;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton QT210-4 8\" Quatro Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $53.85:\n\n");
#
# 150 watts RMS/300 watts max
#
Qes = 0.50;
Xmax = 9.5;
Dia = 8.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.81 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.48;
Fs = 42;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS150-4 6\" Reference Woofer, 4 Ohm, $32.54:\n\n");
#
# 40 watts RMS/65 watts max, 50-3 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.47;
Xmax = 4.4;
Dia = 4.8125 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.43 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.40;
Fs = 52;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS125S-8 5\" Reference Shielded Woofer, 8 Ohm, $27.22:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 70-4 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.59;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 3.75 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.15 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.49;
Fs = 70;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS125-4 5\" Reference Woofer, 4 Ohm, $29.22:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 64-4.5 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.75;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 3.75 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.1 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.63;
Fs = 76;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS100S-8 4\" Reference Shielded Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $23.47:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 85-20 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.71;
Xmax = 3.5;
Dia = 2.875 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.09 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.55;
Fs = 87.5;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS100-4 4\" Reference Full-Range Driver, 4 Ohm, $23.96:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 85-14 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.57;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 2.875 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.07 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.48;
Fs = 80;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
#####################################################################
#
# Added: Mon Dec 20 12:00:56 PST 2010
#
# Dia is dimension of speaker, and needs to be verified.
#
#####################################################################
#
printf ("Dayton SD315A-88 12\" DVC Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $68.99:\n\n");
#
# 120 watts RMS/180 watts max, 30-1 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.37;
Xmax = 7.0;
Dia = 12.375 * 2.54;
Vas = 5.36 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.33;
Fs = 24;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RSS315HFA-8 12\" Reference HF Subwoofer, 8 Ohm, $138.24:\n\n");
#
# 350 watts RMS/600 watts max, 25-1 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.64;
Xmax = 14;
Dia = 12.375 * 2.54;
Vas = 2.67 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.53;
Fs = 25;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton DCS305-4 12\" Classic Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $78.89:\n\n");
#
# 250 watts RMS/500 watts max, 23-200 Hz.
#
Qes = 0.44;
Xmax = 9.3;
Dia = 12.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 4.12 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.41;
Fs = 23;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton SD270A-88 10\" DVC Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $36.63:\n\n");
#
# 80 watts RMS/120 watts max, 30-15 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.50;
Xmax = 6.0;
Dia = 10.625 * 2.54;
Vas = 3.8 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.43;
Fs = 26;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton DCS255-4 10\" Classic Subwoofer, 4 Ohm, $69.76:\n\n");
#
# 200 watts RMS/400 watts max, 31-200 Hz.
#
Qes = 0.37;
Xmax = 8.3;
Dia = 10.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.68 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.34;
Fs = 31;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton DC130BS-8 5-1/4\" Classic Shielded Woofer, 8 Ohm, $24.99:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 55-4 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.57;
Xmax = 2.5;
Dia = 5.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.31 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.45;
Fs = 61;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton DC130BS-4 5-1/4\" Classic Shielded Woofer, 4 Ohm, $24.99:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 55-4 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.52;
Xmax = 2.5;
Dia = 5.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.40 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.42;
Fs = 59;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS125T-8 5\" Reference Woofer Truncated Frame, 8 Ohm, $39.99:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 70-15 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.56;
Xmax = 2.8;
Dia = 4.9375 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.14 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.47;
Fs = 74.9;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS125-8 5\" Reference Woofer, 8 Ohm, $29.22:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/45 watts max, 70-6 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.59;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 4.9375 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.15 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.49;
Fs = 70.0;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton RS100T-8 4\" Reference Woofer Truncated Frame, 8 Ohm, $37.99:\n\n");
#
# 25 watts RMS/50 watts max, 80-20 kHz.
#
Qes = 0.65;
Xmax = 3.7;
Dia = 3.875 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.07 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.52;
Fs = 82.5;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("HiVi M4N 4\" Aluminum/Magnesium Midbass, 8 Ohm, $13.97:\n\n");
#
# 15 watts RMS/50 watts max, 69 to 8,000 Hz, 82 dB 2.83V/1m
#
Qes = 1.35;
Xmax = 3.0;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.16 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 1.08;
Fs = 69;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("HiVi B4N 4\" Aluminum Midbass Round Frame, 8 Ohm, $14.91:\n\n");
#
# 25 watts RMS/50 watts max, 50 to 3,000 Hz, 85 dB 2.83V/1m, Used in
# Overnight Sensations MT Speaker Kit Pair, $119.00:
#
#     Tweeter: Dayton Audio ND20FA-6 3/4" silk dome tweeter, $14.82
#     Midbass woofer: HiVi B4N aluminum midbass woofer
#     Power handling: 25 watts RMS/50 watts max
#     Frequency response: 45-20,000 Hz (-3 dB)
#     Impedance: 8 ohms
#     Sensitivity: 83 dB 1W/1m
#     Dimensions: 9" H x 6" W x 8-3/8" D
#
#     Dayton Audio ND20FA-6 3/4" Neodymium Dome Tweeter, 6 Ohm,
#     $14.82, 15 Watts, 3,500 to 25,000 Hz, 90 dB 1W/1m, Resonant
#     Frequency (Fs) 2,005 Hz, Overall Outside Diameter 1.77", Cutout
#     Diameter 1.30", Depth 0.59".
#
#     The crossover for the Overnight Sensations uses a 3rd order
#     electrical filter with an L-pad on the tweeter.  The woofer uses
#     a 2nd order electrical filter with C3 acting as an Elliptic
#     notch filter.  The acoustic slopes are fairly standard 4LR, and
#     cross around 4000 Hz.:
#
#         Dayton Audio DNR-6.0 6 Ohm 10W Precision Audio Grade
#         Resistor, $1.38
#
#         Dayton Audio DNR-10 10 Ohm 10W Precision Audio Grade
#         Resistor, $1.38
#
#         Dayton Audio DMPC-0.22 0.22uF 250V Polypropylene Capacitor,
#         $0.79
#
#         Dayton Audio DMPC-1.5 1.5uF 250V Polypropylene Capacitor,
#         $1.32
#
#         Dayton Audio DMPC-2.2 2.2uF 250V Polypropylene Capacitor,
#         $1.72
#
#         Dayton Audio DMPC-6.8 6.8uF 250V Polypropylene Capacitor,
#         $2.93
#
#         Jantzen Audio 0.35mH 20 AWG Air Core Inductor Crossover
#         Coil, $4.70
#
#         ERSE 1.1mH 18 AWG Perfect Layer Inductor Crossover Coil,
#         $10.39
#
#         Total = $24.61 per speaker.
#
#         Plus $2.57, per speaker, for Parts Express Speaker Cabinet
#         Port Tube 1-3/8" ID Adjustable, 1-3/4" diameter cabinet
#         cutout required, (if used.)
#
#     The interior volume of the box is about 4.5 Liters.  It is
#     vented, and tuned to 53 Hz, which gives a -3 dB point in the mid
#     40 Hz range.  The vent should be mounted on the back baffle,
#     located somewhere behind the tweeter.  Its exact location isn’t
#     critical, as long as the vent openings are at least 1” away from
#     any other surface inside or outside the cabinet.
#
#     The port dimensions:
#
#         ID: 1.375"
#         Length: 6"
#
#     In frequency (), use local Vb = 4.5; for frequency response,
#     which is -3 dB @ 53 Hz.:
#
#        Vb = 4.5 = net box volume, liters
#           = 10.517 X 6.500 X 4.017 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#        Fb = 56.11762963661017142672 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#        F3 = 56.1670316980171302148 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#           @ 2.29650494592551894398 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#         L = 10.05928180498714597289 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#        Note that Fb = F3.  From "Introduction to Loudspeaker Design:
#        Second Edition," John L. Murphy, Kindle location 26%, "System
#        designers should make a point to ensure that their vented
#        loudspeakers are not driven to full power in the frequency range
#        below the box frequency.
#
#     Other Solutions:
#
#         As a reference, the KLH Model 17's F3 ~ 61 Hz; the Altec
#         Lansing VS2421 F3 ~ 35 Hz., (after a maximum peak ~ +10 dB @
#         52 Hz.,) with a port frequency resonance peak ~ 41 Hz.
#
#         Ported Box:
#
#             Vb = 10.47112136766139637340 = net box volume, liters
#                = 13.937 X 8.613 X 5.323 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#             Fb = 43.19140262311367895248 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#             F3 = 38.73450175342769469896 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#                @ 0.09582086818382485208 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#              L = 14.58647909289299178701 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#             Note: Qts = 0.52, instead of 0.3 < Qts < 0.4
#
#             The port dimensions:
#
#                 Dmin = 4.0332983504386035148 = minimum port diameter (cm)
#                 Lv = 16.67012191489434914812 = length of port (cm)
#                 Lv = 16.1 cm to 17.1 cm, depending on port flanging, Dmin
#
#             The roll off below F3 = 38.7 Hz. is 80 dB / decade, or +30
#             dB, (i.e., increase the power by 1000 X,) would be required
#             for flat response to 20 Hz., with four poles.
#
#             Box options, -3dB frequency, size:
#
#                 Overnight Sensations: 53 Hz.,  8.0" X 5.0" X 7.4" = 296 cu. in.
#                 0.5 optimal:          50 Hz., 11.1" X 6.8" X 4.2" = 317 cu. in.
#                 0.6 optimal:          46 Hz., 11.8" X 7.3" X 4.5" = 388 cu. in.
#                 0.7 optimal:          44 Hz., 12.4" X 7.6" X 4.7" = 443 cu. in.
#                 0.8 optimal:          42 Hz., 12.9" X 8.0" X 4.9" = 506 cu. in.
#                 0.9 optimal:          40 Hz., 13.5" X 8.3" X 5.2" = 583 cu. in.
#                 1.0 optimal:          38 Hz., 13.9" X 8.6" X 5.3" = 634 cu. in.
#
#         Maximally Flat Box:
#
#             HiVi B4N 4" Aluminum Midbass Round Frame, 8 Ohm, $14.91:
#
#                 Vb = 5.33564549900267925766 = net box volume, liters
#                    = 11.132 X 6.880 X 4.252 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#                 Fb = 76.14996105085896416634 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#                 F3 = 76.14996105085896416634 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#                 Q  = 0.70710678118654752440 = box quality factor
#                    @ 0 = maximum peak or dip in speaker system response, db
#                 L  = 7.41957043973598795245 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#                 Vb, can be reduced by a factor of 0.25, by stuffing
#                 the box with sound damping material:
#
#                     Vb = 4.00235386470896696388 = net box volume, liters
#                        = 10.114 X 6.251 X 3.863 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#
#                 The roll off below F3 = 76.1 Hz. is 40 dB / decade,
#                 or +23 dB, (i.e., increase the power by 200 X,)
#                 would be required for flat response to 20 Hz., with
#                 two poles.
#
#         Sealed Box:
#
#             HiVi B4N 4" Aluminum Midbass Round Frame, 8 Ohm, $14.91:
#
#                 Vb = 5.33564549900267925766 = net box volume, liters
#                    = 11.132 X 6.880 X 4.252 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#                 Fb = 76.14996105085896416634 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#                 F3 = 76.14996105085896416634 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#                 Q  = 0.70710678118654752440 = box quality factor
#                    @ 0 = maximum peak or dip in speaker system response, db
#                 L  = 7.41957043973598795245 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#                 Vb, can be reduced by a factor of 0.25, by stuffing
#                 the box with sound damping material:
#
#                     Vb = 4.00235386470896696388 = net box volume, liters
#                        = 10.114 X 6.251 X 3.863 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#
#                 The roll off below F3 = 76.1 Hz. is 40 dB / decade,
#                 or +23 dB, (i.e., increase the power by 200 X,)
#                 would be required for flat response to 20 Hz., with
#                 two poles.
#
#         Acoustic Suspension Box:
#
#             HiVi B4N 4" Aluminum Midbass Round Frame, 8 Ohm, $14.91:
#
#                 Vb = 1.51018763137452558871 = net box volume, liters
#                    = 7.309 X 4.517 X 2.792 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#                 Fb = 112 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#                 F3 = 86.58717375963690571088 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#                 Q  = 1.04 = box quality factor
#                    @ 1.48218876535689845615 = maximum peak or dip in speaker system response, db
#                 L  = 6.52521586590204545113 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#                 The roll off below F3 = 86.6 Hz. is 40 dB / decade,
#                 or +30 dB, (i.e., increase the power by 1000 X,)
#                 would be required for flat response to 20 Hz., with
#                 two poles.
#
# From: http://www.swanspeaker.com/product/htm/view.asp?id=53
#
#     Nominal Impedance (Z)(Ohms): 8
#     Resonance Frequency (Fs)(Hz): 56
#     Nominal Power Handling (Pnom)(W): 25
#     Sensitivity (2.83v/1m)(dB): 85
#     Weight (M)(Kg): 0.9
#     VC Diameter (mm): 25 SV
#     DC (Re)(Ω): 6.5
#     VC Length (H)(mm): 10.4
#     VC Former: Kapton
#     VC Layers: 2
#     Magnet System: Shielded Ferrite
#     Force Factor (BL)(N/A): 5.1
#     Gap Height (He)(mm): 4.0
#     Linear Excursion (Xmax)(mm): 3.2
#     Suspension Compliance (Cms)(uM/N): 1114.1
#     Mechanical Q (Qms): 3.91
#     Electrical Q (Qes): 0.63
#     Total Q (Qts): 0.52
#     Moving Mass (Mms)(g): 6.8
#     Effective Piston Area (Sd)(m2): 0.0053
#     Equivalent Air Volume (Vas)(L): 4.5
#     Cabinet Type: Vented
#     Recommended Box Volume(Vb)(L): 5
#     Tuning Frequency(Fb)(Hz): 50
#     -3dB Cut-Off Frequency(F3)(Hz): 50
#
#     Note Fb = F3.  From "Introduction to Loudspeaker Design: Second
#     Edition," John L. Murphy, Kindle location 26%, "System designers
#     should make a point to ensure that their vented loudspeakers are
#     not driven to full power in the frequency range below the box
#     frequency:
#
#         Vb = 5 = net box volume, liters
#            = 10.893 X 6.732 X 4.161 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#         Fb = 54.31433872941870736264 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#         F3 = 53.62263819465980985824 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#            @ 2.02196000256146819159 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#          L = 10.53659459926138842245 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
Qes = 0.63;
Xmax = 3.2;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.16 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.52;
Fs = 56;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("CLIO HiVi B4N 4\" Aluminum Midbass Round Frame, 8 Ohm, $14.91:\n\n");
#
# 25 watts RMS/50 watts max, 50 to 3,000 Hz, 85 dB 2.83V/1m
#
# From: B4N.tar.gz, 297-429-hi-vi-b4n-specifications-45067.txt, clio parameters
#
Qes = 0.54;
Xmax = 3.2;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 2.86;
Qts = 0.46;
Fs = 66.27;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND90-8 3-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $21.35:\n\n");
#
# 20 watts RMS/40 watts max, 80 to 15,000 Hz, 82.1 dB 2.83V/1m
#
# Nominal Diameter 3-1/2"
# Power Handling (RMS) 20 Watts
# Power Handling (max) 40 Watts
# Impedance 8 ohms
# Frequency Response 80 to 15,000 Hz
# Sensitivity 82.1 dB 1W/1m
# Voice Coil Diameter 0.75"
#
# Resonant Frequency (Fs) 80 Hz
# DC Resistance (Re) 7.5 ohms
# Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.54 mH
# Mechanical Q (Qms) 4.25
# Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.85
# Total Q (Qts) 0.71
# Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft.^3
# Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.79 mm/N
# BL Product (BL) 4.4 Tm
# Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 4.7g
# Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
# Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 31.2 cm^2
#
# Sealed Volume 0.1 ft.^3 = 2.83 L
# Sealed F3 96 Hz
# Vented Volume 0.15 ft.^3 = 4.25 L
# Vented F3 50 Hz
#
#     Ported:
#
#         Vb = 9.14502152136495720487 = net box volume, liters
#            = 13.321 X 8.233 X 5.088 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#         Fb = 44.867657664824644108 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#         F3 = 35.2054310853910683384 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#            @ 0.12287186920068007742 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#          L = 16.04866018057236003675 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#     Note: Qts = 0.71, instead of  0.3 < Qts < 0.4
#
Qes = 0.85;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 3.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.71;
Fs = 80;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio RS100-8 4\" Reference Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $28.47:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 90-20 kHz, 83.9 dB 2.83V/1m
#
# Nominal Diameter 4"
# Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
# Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
# Impedance 8 ohms
# Frequency Response 90 to 20,000 Hz
# Sensitivity 83.9 dB 2.83V/1m
# Sensitivity 83.3 dB 1W/1m
# Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Resonant Frequency (Fs) 90 Hz
# DC Resistance (Re) 6.39 ohms
# Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.49 mH
# Mechanical Q (Qms) 2.37
# Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.76
# Total Q (Qts) 0.58
# Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft.^3
# Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.82 mm/N
# BL Product (BL) 4.2 Tm
# Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 3.63g
# Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 3.5 mm
# Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 35.3 cm^2
#
# Cone Material Aluminum
# Surround Material Rubber
# Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
# Voice Coil Former Aluminum
# Basket / Frame Material Cast Aluminum
# Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Overall Outside Diameter 3.86"
# Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.04"
# Depth 2.01"
# Bolt Circle Diameter 3.54"
# Mounting Holes 6
#
# Sealed Volume 0.04 ft.^3
# Sealed F3 136 Hz
# Vented Volume 0.1 ft.^3
# Vented F3 67 Hz
#
Qes = 0.76;
Xmax = 3.5;
Dia = 2.875 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.58;
Fs = 80.0;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND90-4 3-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 4 Ohm, $21.35:\n\n");
#
# 20 watts RMS/40 watts max, 80 to 15,000 Hz, 80.6 dB 1W/m
#
# Nominal Diameter 3-1/2"
# Power Handling (RMS) 20 Watts
# Power Handling (max) 40 Watts
# Impedance 4 ohms
# Frequency Response 80 to 15,000 Hz
# Sensitivity 80.6 dB 1W/1m
# Voice Coil Diameter 0.75"
#
# Resonant Frequency (Fs) 76.7 Hz
# DC Resistance (Re) 3.52 ohms
# Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.57 mH
# Mechanical Q (Qms) 5.71
# Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.84
# Total Q (Qts) 0.73
# Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft.^3
# Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1 mm/N
# BL Product (BL) 3 Tm
# Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 4.3g
# Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
# Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 31.2 cm^2
#
# Cone Material Aluminum
# Surround Material Rubber
# Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
# Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
# Basket / Frame Material Steel
# Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Overall Outside Diameter 4.07"
# Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.35"
# Depth 2.39"
# Mounting Holes 4
#
# Sealed Volume 0.1 ft.^3
# Sealed F3 90 Hz
# Vented Volume 0.16 ft.^3
# Vented F3 48 Hz
#
#     Vb = 10.02299744111245883700 = net box volume, liters
#        = 13.735 X 8.489 X 5.246 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#     Fb = 41.81159927036147311036 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#     F3 = 32.41883268085709866787 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#        @ 0.12528477148095620035 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#      L = 17.42814140046520525187 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#     Note: http://www.diyaudioandvideo.com/Calculator/Box/ gives the
#     same answer.
#
#     Note: From "Introduction to Loudspeaker Design: Second Edition,"
#     John L. Murphy, Kindle location 26%, "System designers should
#     make a point to ensure that their vented loudspeakers are not
#     driven to full power in the frequency range below the box
#     frequency. This is a vulnerability of vented boxes because of
#     the possibility of running out of excursion and "bottoming out"
#     the driver. As a rule never plan to drive a vented box to full
#     power below its Fb." "Designing, Building, and Testing Your Own
#     Speaker System ...," David Weems, Kindle location 55%, "Although
#     the ported-box projects in this book give more extended bass
#     range than their closed-box counterparts, when driven hard they
#     should be used with an infrasonic filter. The tendency of ported
#     boxes to unload the driver below the port resonance virtually
#     demands a good infrasonic filter for use at high power with LP
#     records. On the other hand, if you play only CDs, you might not
#     need an infrasonic filter with a reflex.
#
# From the Dayton manufacturer's specification of 0.16 ft^3 =
# 4.5306526971541837746 L:
#
#     Vb = 4.5306526971541837746 = net box volume, liters
#        = 10.541 X 6.515 X 4.026 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#     Fb = 42.76161314575654069306 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#     F3 = 45.97540734712359195238 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#        @ 2.02981405528595168746 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#      L = 12.28917877190594794628 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
#     Note F3 > Fb. See preceding paragraph, concerning power levels a
#     frequencies less than Fb.
#
# Note: "Designing, Building, and Testing Your Own Speaker System..,"
# David Weems, Kindle location 47%: (referencing Keele at 75%,) yields
# very close to the same optimization for a ported box, (the frequency
# response using the Keele formulas is nearly identical):
#
#     Vb = 8.60656896279238351371 = net box volume, liters
#        = 13.055 X 8.068 X 4.986 = golden ratio inside box size, inches
#     Fb = 42.76161314575654069306 = box resonant frequency, Hz.
#     F3 = 34.66658825070503870774 = box -3 dB frequency, Hz.
#        @ 0.07912908861574956274 = maximum peak or dip in system response, dB
#      L = 16.29811378939227453152 = minimum longest room dimension, feet
#
# PVC Pipe Dimensions:
#
#     Schedule 40, (OD X ID):
#
#         1/2"    0.840   0.602
#         3/4"    1.050   0.804
#         1"      1.315   1.029
#         1-1/4"  1.660   1.360
#         1-1/2"  1.900   1.590
#         2"      2.375   2.047
#
#     Schedule 80, (OD X ID):
#
#         1/2"    .840    .526
#         3/4"    1.050   .722
#         1"      1.315   .936
#         1-1/4"  1.660   1.255
#         1-1/2"  1.900   1.476
#         2"      2.375   1.913
#
# ; Qes = 0.84;
# ; Xmax = 4.0;
# ; Dia = 3.5 * 2.54;
# ; Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
# ; Qts = 0.73;
# ; Fs = 76.7;
# ;
# ; Vb = 10.02299744111245883700
# ; Fb=41.81159927036147311036
# ;
# ; Np=1
# ; k=0.732
# ;
# ; Sd = pi * (Dia / 100)^2 / 4
# ; Vd = Sd * Xmax / 1000
# ; Dmin = 100 * (20.3 * pow ((Vd^2 / Fb), 0.25)) / sqrt (Np)
# ; Dmin
#         3.9778512641266195048
# ; 3.9778512641266195048/2.54
#         1.56608317485299980504
#
# PVC     OD      ID
# 1-1/2"  1.900   1.590
#
# ; Dv=1.590
# ; Lv = (23562.5 * Dv^2 * Np / (Fb^2 * Vb)) - (k * Dv)
# ; Lv
#         2.23569352125173633915
# ; 2.23569352125173633915/2.54
#         0.88019429970540800754
# ; (pi*(1.900/2)^2)*0.88019429970540800754
#         2.49560378098172556289
#
# PVC     OD      ID
# 2"      2.375   2.047
#
# Dv=2.047
# ; Lv = (23562.5 * Dv^2 * Np / (Fb^2 * Vb)) - (k * Dv)
# ; Lv
#         4.13623211602021948259
# ; 4.13623211602021948259/2.54
#         1.62843784095284231598
# ; (pi * (1.900/2)^2)*1.62843784095284231598
#         4.61708924306347889439
#
# Note: Door lock cutouts come in 1/8" increments, or 3.375 = 3-3/8 would
# have to be used. Ports:
#
#     1" ID x 4", 1-3/8" opening, $1.98
#     1-1/8" ID x 1-15/16", 1-15/15" opening , $3.39
#     1-5/8" ID x 4-7/8" 2-1/16" opening, $3.98
#     1-3/4" ID x 4", 1-15/16" opening, flange 2-1/2", $1.65
#     1-7/8" ID x 5-5/8", 1-15/16" opening, $3.39
#     2" ID x 6" to 11" adjustable, flange 3-1/8", cutout 2-3/8, $3.18
#     1-3/8 ID x 4-5/16" to 8-5/8" adjustable, 1-3/4" cutout, $2.57
#
Qes = 0.84;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 3.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.73;
Fs = 76.7;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND105-8 4\" Aluminum Cone Midbass Driver, 8 Ohm, $26.90:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 60 to 10,000 Hz, 83.2 dB 1W/1m
#
#     Nominal Diameter 4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 60 to 10,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 83.2 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 65.3 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 7.6 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 1.37 mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 7.61
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.73
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.66
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.12 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.95 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 4.9 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 6.3g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 51.5 cm^2
#     Overall Outside Diameter 4.13"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.66"
#     Depth 2.64"
#     Mounting Holes 4
#     Sealed Volume 0.18 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 85 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.35 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 43 Hz
#
Qes = 0.73;
Xmax = 0.59;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.12 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.66;
Fs = 65.3;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio RS100-8 4\" Reference Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $28.47:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 90 to 20,000 Hz, 83.3 dB 1W/1m, 83.9 dB 2.83V/1m
#
#     Nominal Diameter 4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 90 to 20,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 83.9 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Sensitivity 83.3 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 90 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.39 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.49 mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 2.37
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.76
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.58
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.82 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 4.2 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 3.63g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 3.5 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 35.3 cm^2
#     Overall Outside Diameter 3.86"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.04"
#     Depth 2.01"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 3.54"
#     Mounting Holes 6
#     Sealed Volume 0.04 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 136 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.1 ft.^3
#     Vented F367 Hz
#
Qes = 0.76;
Xmax = 3.5;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.58;
Fs = 90;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio RS100-4 4\" Reference Full-Range Driver, 4 Ohm, $28.85:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 82 to 20,000 Hz, 85.9 dB 2.83V/1m
#
#     Nominal Diameter 4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 4 ohms
#     Frequency Response 82 to 20,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 85.9 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 82 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 2.96 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.28 mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 2.55
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.66
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.53
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.83 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 3.18 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 4.25g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd)35.3 cm^2
#     Overall Outside Diameter 3.86"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.06"
#     Depth 1.8"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 3.54"
#     Mounting Holes 6
#     Sealed Volume 0.04 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 122 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.1 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 59 Hz
#
Qes = 0.66;
Xmax = 4;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.53;
Fs = 82;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND105-4 4\" Aluminum Cone Midbass Driver, 4 Ohm, $26.90:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 60 to 10,000 Hz, 82.6 dB 1W/1m
#
#     Nominal Diameter 4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 4 ohms
#     Frequency Response 60 to 10,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 82.6 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter1"
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 53.8 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 3.7 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.78 mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 7.16
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.59
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.55
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.16 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1.2 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 3.9 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 7.2g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 51.5 cm^2
#     Overall Outside Diameter 4.13"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.66"
#     Depth 2.64"
#     Mounting Holes 4
#     Sealed Volume 0.1 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 84 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.3 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 41 Hz
#
Qes = 0.59;
Xmax = 4;
Dia = 4.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.16 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.55;
Fs = 53.8;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio RS270-8 10\" Aluminum Cone Reference Woofer, 8 Ohm, $90.94:\n\n");
#
# 100 watts RMS/200 watts max, 27 to 2,040 Hz, 87 dB 1W/1m
#
#  Nominal Diameter 10"
#  Power Handling (RMS) 100 Watts
#  Power Handling (max) 200 Watts
#  Impedance 8 ohms
#  Frequency Response 27 to 2,040 Hz
#  Sensitivity 86.6 dB 2.83V/1m
#  Sensitivity 87 dB 1W/1m
#  Voice Coil Diameter 2"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#   Resonant Frequency (Fs) 27 Hz
#   DC Resistance (Re) 6.84 ohms
#   Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.93 mH
#   Mechanical Q (Qms) 2.08
#   Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.61
#   Total Q (Qts) 0.47
#   Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 3.4 ft.^3
#   Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.57 mm/N
#   BL Product (BL) 10.3 Tm
#   Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 35.8g
#   Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 6.6 mm
#   Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 346.4 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#   Cone Material Aluminum
#   Surround Material Rubber
#   Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#   Voice Coil Former Aluminum
#   Basket / Frame Material Cast Aluminum
#   Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#   Overall Outside Diameter 10.71"
#   Baffle Cutout Diameter 9.29"
#   Depth 4.45"
#   Bolt Circle Diameter 10.16"
#   Mounting Holes 6
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity suggestion)
#
#   Sealed Volume 1.38 ft.^3
#   Sealed F3 49 Hz
#   Vented Volume 4.5 ft.^3
#   Vented F3 25.6 Hz
#
Qes = 0.61;
Xmax = 6.6;
Dia = 10.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 3.4 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.47;
Fs = 27;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("HiVi M6N 6\" Aluminum/Magnesium Midbass, 8 Ohm, $24.91:\n\n");
#
# 45 watts RMS/90 watts max, 46 to 8,000 Hz, 89 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 6"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 45 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 90 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 46 to 8,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 89 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 46 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.5 ohms
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 4.69
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.42
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.39
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.77 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) NULL mm/N
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 13.6g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4.3 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) NULL cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum / Magnesium
#     Voice Coil FormerKapton / Polyimide
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 7"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 5.313"
#     Depth 4.0625"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.23 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 87 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.72 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 46 Hz
#
Qes = 0.42;
Xmax = 4.3;
Dia = 6.0 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.77 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.39;
Fs = 46;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("HiVi M5N 5\" Aluminum/Magnesium Midbass, 8 Ohm, $21.73:\n\n");
#
# 35 watts RMS/70 watts max, 50 to 6,000 Hz, 87 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 5"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 35 Watts
#     Power Handling (max)70 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 50 to 6,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 87 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 50 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.5 ohms
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 6.51
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.37
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.35
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.4 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1.1 mm/N
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 10.7g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 2.7 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 87 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum / Magnesium
#     Voice Coil FormerKapton / Polyimide
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 5.63"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 4.94"
#     Depth 4"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.1 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 102 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.31 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 55 Hz
#
Qes = 0.37;
Xmax = 2.7;
Dia = 5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.4 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.35;
Fs = 50;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("HiVi M8a 8\" Aluminum/Magnesium Woofer, 8 Ohm, $47.73:\n\n");
#
# 80 watts RMS/160 watts max, 30 to 3,000 Hz, 88 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 8"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 80 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 160 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 30 to 3,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 88 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1.38"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 33 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.5 ohms
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 4.59
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.49
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.44
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 1.49 ft.^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.61 mm/NBL
#     Product (BL) 10.5 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 38.1g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 5.8 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 214 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum / Magnesium
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Cast Aluminum
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 8.47"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 7.36"
#     Depth 3.54"
#     # Mounting Holes 6
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.56 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 60 Hz
#     Vented Volume 1.74 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 32 Hz
#
Qes = 0.49;
Xmax = 5.8;
Dia = 8 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.49 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.44;
Fs = 33;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("HiVi M8N 8\" Aluminum/Magnesium Woofer, 8 Ohm, $34.86:\n\n");
#
# 80 watts RMS/160 watts max, 29 to 2,000 Hz, 86 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 8"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 80 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 160 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 29 to 2,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 86 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1.375"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 29 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.5 ohms
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 5.02
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.5
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.45
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 1.89 ft.^3
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 5.8 mm
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum / Magnesium
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 8.74"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 7.01"
#     Depth 3.62"
#     # Mounting Holes 6
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.67 ft.^3
#     Sealed F3 55 Hz
#     Vented Volume 2.15 ft.^3
#     Vented F3 29 Hz
#
Qes = 0.5;
Xmax = 5.8;
Dia = 8 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.89 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.45;
Fs = 29;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio DA115-8 4\" Aluminum Cone Woofer, 8 Ohm, $16.13:\n\n");
#
# 20 watts RMS/40 watts max, 60 to 15,000 Hz, 84.9 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 20 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 40 Watts
#     Impedance8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 60 to 15,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 84.9 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 2"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 60 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.4 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.7mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 2.6
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.49
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.41
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.16 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1.1 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 5.7 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 6.6g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 2.5mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 53.1 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire MaterialCopper
#     Voice Coil Former Aluminum
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 4.55"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.66"
#     Depth 2.26"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 4.21"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.04 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 125 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.13 ft^3
#     Vented F3 68 Hz
#
Qes = 0.49;
Xmax = 2.5;
Dia = 4 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.16 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.41;
Fs = 60;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio DA135-8 5-1/4\" Aluminum Cone Woofer, 8 Ohm, $21.54:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 50 to 15,000 Hz, 85 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 5-1/4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 50 to 15,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 85 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 56.5 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.4 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.97mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 2.61
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.68
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.54
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.26 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.93 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 5.32 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 8.54g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 3 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 75.4 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Aluminum
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 5.31"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 4.39"
#     Depth 2.48"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 4.96"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.16 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 89 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.47 ft^3
#     Vented F3 44 Hz
#
Qes = 0.68;
Xmax = 3;
Dia = 5.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.26 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.54;
Fs = 56.5;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio DA175-8 7\" Aluminum Cone Woofer, 8 Ohm, $28.58:\n\n");
#
# 50 watts RMS/100 watts max, 35 to 10,000 Hz, 85 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 7"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 50 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 100 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 35 to 10,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 85 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1.38"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 39 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 5.9 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 1.14mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 3.31
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.7
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.58
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.58 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.66 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 7.17 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 25.17g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4.25 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 132.7 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Aluminum
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 6.91"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 5.67"
#     Depth 3.19"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 6.54"
#     # Mounting Holes 5
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.46 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 57 Hz
#     Vented Volume 1.2 ft^3
#     Vented F3 28 Hz
#
Qes = 0.7;
Xmax = 4.25;
Dia = 7 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.58 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.58;
Fs = 39;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio DA215-8 8\" Aluminum Cone Woofer, 8 Ohm, $32.86:\n\n");
#
# 60 watts RMS/120 watts max, 35 to 8,000 Hz, 88.7 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 8"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 60 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 120 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 35 to 8,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 88.7 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1.42"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 34.9 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.8 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 1.44mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 1.95
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.45
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.37
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 1.51 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.68 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 10 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 30.3g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 5.3 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 211.2 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Aluminum
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 8.5"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 7.09"
#     Depth 3.72"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 8.13"
#     # Mounting Holes 5
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.32 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 81 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.89 ft^3
#     Vented F3 46 Hz
#
Qes = 0.45;
Xmax = 5.3;
Dia = 8 * 2.54;
Vas = 1.51 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.37;
Fs = 34.9;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio DA270-8 10\" Aluminum Cone Woofer, 8 Ohm, $49.35:\n\n");
#
# 80 watts RMS/160 watts max, 25 to 6,000 Hz, 88.2 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 10"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 80 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 160 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 25 to 6,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 88.2 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1.42"
#     Magnet Weight 53 oz.
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 27.8 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.3 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 1.2mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 1.95
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.55
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.43
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 3.83 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.64 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 10.1 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 51.3g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 6.1 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 346.4 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Aluminum
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 10.63"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 8.94"
#     Depth 4.53"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 10.24"
#     # Mounting Holes 5
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 1.2 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 55 Hz
#     Vented Volume 3.74 ft^3
#     Vented F3 30 Hz
#
Qes = 0.55;
Xmax = 6.1;
Dia = 10 * 2.54;
Vas = 3.83 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.43;
Fs = 27.8;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND105-8 4\" Aluminum Cone Midbass Driver, 8 Ohm, $26.90:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 60 to 10,000 Hz, 83.2 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 60 to 10,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 83.2 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 65.3 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 7.6 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le)1.37mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 7.61
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.73
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.66
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.12 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.95 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 4.9 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 6.3g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 51.5 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 4.13"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.66"
#     Depth 2.64"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.18 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 85 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.35 ft^3
#     Vented F3 43 Hz
#
Qes = 0.73;
Xmax = 4;
Dia = 4 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.12 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.66;
Fs = 65.3;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND140-4 5-1/4\" Aluminum Cone Midbass Driver, 4 Ohm, $30.65:\n\n");
#
# 40 watts RMS/80 watts max, 54 to 8,000 Hz, 85.3 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 5-1/4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 40 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 80 Watts
#     Impedance 4 ohms
#     Frequency Response 54 to 8,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 85.3 dB 2.83V/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 54 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 3.7 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.72mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 6.59
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.74
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.66
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.36 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.97 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 3.9 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 9g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 86.6 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 5.5"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 4.75"
#     Depth 2.5"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.78 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 65 Hz
#     Vented Volume 1 ft^3
#     Vented F3 34 Hz
#
Qes = 0.74;
Xmax = 4;
Dia = 5.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.36 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.66;
Fs = 54;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND140-8 5-1/4\" Aluminum Cone Midbass Driver, 8 Ohm, $30.65:\n\n");
#
# 40 watts RMS/80 watts max, 54 to 8,000 Hz, 85.7 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 5-1/4"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 40 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 80 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 54 to 8,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 85.7 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 53.8 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 6.9 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 1.45mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 5.55
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.68
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.61
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.36 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.99 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 5.5 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 8.9g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 86.6 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 5.43"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 4.72"
#     Depth 2.78"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.36 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 75 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.84 ft^3
#     Vented F3 37 Hz
#
Qes = 0.68;
Xmax = 4;
Dia = 5.25 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.36 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.61;
Fs = 53.8;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND65-4 2-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 4 Ohm, $19.30:\n\n");
#
# 15 watts RMS/30 watts max, 85 to 20,000 Hz, 79.4 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 2-1/2"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 15 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 30 Watts
#     Impedance 4 ohms
#     Frequency Response 85 to 20,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 79.4 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 0.75"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 84.1 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 3.4 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.41 mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 5.76
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.8
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.7
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.03 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1.65 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 2.2 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 2.2g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 3.5 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 15.6 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 2.52"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 2.05"
#     Depth 1.89"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.05 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 102 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.08 ft^3
#     Vented F3 53 Hz
#
Qes = 0.8;
Xmax = 3.5;
Dia = 2.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.03 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.7;
Fs = 84.1;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND65-8 2-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $19.30:\n\n");
#
# 15 watts RMS/30 watts max, 80 to 20,000 Hz, 78.3 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 2-1/2"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 15 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 30 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 80 to 20,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 78.3 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 0.75"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 80.8 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 7.2 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.58mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 5.64
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.69
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.62
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.02 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1.69 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 3.5 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 2.3g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 3.5 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 15.6 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 2.5"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 2.05"
#     Depth 2"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.02 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 111 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.05 ft^3
#     Vented F3 55 Hz
#
Qes = 0.69;
Xmax = 3.5;
Dia = 2.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.02 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.62;
Fs = 80.8;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND90-8 3-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $21.35:\n\n");
#
# 20 watts RMS/40 watts max, 80 to 15,000 Hz, 82.1 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 3-1/2"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 20 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 40 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 80 to 15,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 82.1 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 0.75"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 80 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 7.5 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.54mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 4.25
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.85
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.71
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 0.79 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL)4.4 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 4.7g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 31.2 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Copper
#     Voice Coil Former Kapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 4.07"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.35"
#     Depth 2.39"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.1 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 96 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.15 ft^3
#     Vented F3 50 Hz
#
Qes = 0.85;
Xmax = 4.0;
Dia = 3.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.71;
Fs = 80;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND91-4 3-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 4 Ohm, $28.65:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 65 to 17,000 Hz, 81.3 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 3-1/2"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 4 ohms
#     Frequency Response 65 to 17,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 81.3 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 63.4 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 4.1 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 0.74mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 3.06
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.44
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.38
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1.13 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 4.6 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 5.6g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 4.6 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 30.4 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Aluminum
#     Voice Coil FormerKapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame Material Steel
#     Magnet Material Ferrite
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 3.35"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.01"
#     Depth 2.22"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.01 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 132 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.03 ft^3
#     Vented F3 73 Hz
#
Qes = 0.44;
Xmax = 4.6;
Dia = 3.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.38;
Fs = 63.4;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
#
printf ("Dayton Audio ND91-8 3-1/2\" Aluminum Cone Full-Range Driver, 8 Ohm, $28.65:\n\n");
#
# 30 watts RMS/60 watts max, 70 to 17,000 Hz, 81.4 dB 1W/1m
#
# Product Specifications
#
#     Nominal Diameter 3-1/2"
#     Power Handling (RMS) 30 Watts
#     Power Handling (max) 60 Watts
#     Impedance 8 ohms
#     Frequency Response 70 TO 17,000 Hz
#     Sensitivity 81.4 dB 1W/1m
#     Voice Coil Diameter 1"
#
# Thiele-Small Parameters
#
#     Resonant Frequency (Fs) 69.6 Hz
#     DC Resistance (Re) 7.4 ohms
#     Voice Coil Inductance (Le) 1.42mH
#     Mechanical Q (Qms) 3.08
#     Electromagnetic Q (Qes) 0.46
#     Total Q (Qts) 0.4
#     Compliance Equivalent Volume (Vas) 0.05 ft^3
#     Mechanical Compliance of Suspension (Cms) 1 mm/N
#     BL Product (BL) 6 Tm
#     Diaphragm Mass Inc. Airload (Mms) 5.2g
#     Maximum Linear Excursion (Xmax) 5.1 mm
#     Surface Area of Cone (Sd) 30.4 cm^2
#
# Materials of Construction
#
#     Cone Material Aluminum
#     Surround Material Rubber
#     Voice Coil Wire Material Aluminum
#     Voice Coil FormerKapton / Polyimide
#     Basket / Frame MaterialSteel
#     Magnet Material Neodymium
#
# Mounting Information
#
#     Overall Outside Diameter 3.35"
#     Baffle Cutout Diameter 3.01"
#     Depth 2.22"
#     Bolt Circle Diameter 3.66"
#     # Mounting Holes 4
#
# Optimum Cabinet Size (determined using BassBox 6 Pro High Fidelity
# suggestion)
#
#     Sealed Volume 0.02 ft^3
#     Sealed F3 139 Hz
#     Vented Volume 0.04 ft^3
#     Vented F3 75 Hz
#
Qes = 0.46;
Xmax = 5.1;
Dia = 3.5 * 2.54;
Vas = 0.05 / 0.0353157;
Qts = 0.4;
Fs = 69.6;
#
parameters (Vas, Qts, Fs, Qes);
# frequency (Qts, Fs, Vas);